Essay on Agricultural Revolution in India
Table of contents-
(I) Introduction
(II) The pathetic condition of the farmers
(III) Problems of farmers,
(IV) Contribution of farmers in the independence of the country
(V) Farmers Organization
(VI) Peasant movement
(VII) Demands of farmer organizations
(VIII) Due to peasant movements,
(IX) Epilogue.
(X) FAQs
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Agricultural Revolution and Peasant Movement in India
Introduction- Our India is an agricultural country and the truth is that agricultural activities are the backbone of the country's economy. It is said that even today the real India resides in the villages. Even today, despite so much development in our country, the main occupation of the people of the village is agriculture.
Pathetic condition of farmers
Even though the economic development of our country has been done a lot, but it is a matter of great regret that even today the condition of the people associated with agriculture in the country is very worrying. More than three-fourth of the population in rural areas is still dependent on agriculture and activities related to agriculture. Agriculture in India is dependent on monsoon and everyone is familiar with the fact that every year a large part of the country comes under the grip of drought and floods. Agriculture is the lifeblood of Indian economy, Indian public life. Indian agriculture suffered a substantial decline during the British rule.
Major problems of farmers-Indian economy is based on agriculture. Most of the people of India live in villages. Although the farmer is the leader of the society, but his condition is still worse. He does not get the reward according to his hard work. Although the agriculture sector contributes 30 percent to the GDP, yet the condition of the Indian farmer is deplorable. Even today we see that farmers are not able to get fair price for their crops or produce. Many a times, despite working so hard, the farmers do not even get the value of their input. The market system and the policies of the government are responsible for this. The main benefit of farmers' crops are the brokers in the market or market, often such people earn more profit. Apart from this, monsoon is also very important for Indian agriculture. Farmers' crops get ruined due to lack of rain and hailstorm at the time of need. This also causes huge economic loss to the farmers.
Contribution of farmers in the independence of the country
Farmers played a major role in the freedom struggle of the country. The Champaran movement was an open struggle against the British. After independence the Zamindari system was abolished. Peasants got the right of land ownership. Green program was also launched and as a result food grain productivity increased, but the special benefit of this green revolution was limited to the rich farmers. There was no expected improvement in the situation of small and marginal farmers.
Even after independence, farmers did not get land ownership in many states, against which Naxalite movements started in Bengal, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh.
Farmers Organization - If we want to develop India as a whole, then together we and the government will have to pay utmost attention to the problems of the farmers. In order for the farmers to get fair price for their crops, the government will have to adopt such a market controlled system in which there is no work of the brokers of the mandis. The government will have to make such arrangements so that farmers can sell their crops at fair prices in mandis and markets. The result of this will be that if the farmer of the country will be prosperous and happy, then the economic development of the nation will also happen at a very fast pace. Sharad Joshi did the biggest task of organizing the farmers in Maharashtra. By giving proper price to the farmers for their produce, a belief was created in them that they can improve their condition by getting organized.
Peasant movement
Farmer leader of Uttar Pradesh Mahendra Singh Tikait has started a movement to improve the condition of farmers and made the government realize that farmers cannot be neglected. The Tikait movement more or less instilled a feeling in the minds of the farmers that they too can get organized and make their economic progress.
Demands of farmer organizations
Farmers organizations first of all have to think about "what is their relationship with other classes from the economic point of view. The limit of irrigated land in Uttar Pradesh is 18 acres. When the irrigated land for a farmer is 18 acres, Uttar Pradesh Ko Kisan Union wants to highlight the issue that considering 18 acres of land as the basis of property limit, property or income limit should be set for other classes. Restrictions have not been fixed. Now multinational companies in the technological sector are also slowly increasing their sphere of influence in India. The farmer's movement is also struggling to remove this disparity and discrepancy. He wants socialism to be established in India. , For which the end of all forms of capitalism and monopoly is essential. The union also demands that prices should be determined in proportion to the barter of goods, and not the rupee as the medium of exchange. This would be possible only when both the producer and the consumer The exploitation of the farmer can be ended in all forms. The summary is that the prices of other industrial products should be determined on the basis of prices of agricultural products.
Causes of Peasant Movements - Following are the main reasons for the peasant movement in India-
(i) Due to not giving the status of industry to Indian agriculture, the interests of the farmers are continuously being neglected.
(ii) The implementation of land reforms is faulty. The unequal distribution of land is the main root of this movement.
(iii) Defective agricultural marketing system is also no less responsible for the peasant movement. Inadequate arrangements for storage, lack of information about fluctuations in agricultural prices, farmers have to bear substantial economic losses.
(iv) The price determination of the goods produced by the farmers is done by the government, whose support price remains below the market price. The role of farmers in price determination is negligible.
(v) Rising prices of seeds, fertilizers, medicines and farmers not getting the full value of their produce in that proportion, that is, increasing costs are also responsible for promoting the farmers' movement.
(vi) The common farmer does not get the benefit of the new agricultural technology.
Conclusion- On observing various five year plans, it is clear that agriculture has always been neglected; Therefore, it is necessary that maximum attention should be paid to the development of agriculture.
It is clear that the interests of farmers can no longer be neglected. The government should give industry status to agriculture. Participation of farmers should also be ensured in the pricing of agricultural products. It is necessary to redress the defects of the land reform program and the government should reject the Dunkel proposal at any cost and the demands of the farmers and their movements should be seriously considered by the government.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is the peasant movement in India?
Answer- The movement done with the aim of changing or improving the agricultural policy is called the farmer's movement. The history of peasant movement is very ancient and at different times in all parts of the world, farmers have agitated for change in agricultural policy so that their condition (economic condition) can improve.
2. Who is considered to be the first farmer's movement of independent India?
Answer - In the year 1997, due to crop loss in Madhya Pradesh, the farmers had to face huge losses. For the compensation of which the farmers organized an agricultural movement against the then Congress government. This movement is considered to be the first farmer's movement of independent India.
3. What was the main objective of the peasant movement?
Answer- The farmers are demanding complete withdrawal of all the three laws. They are not ready for any amendment in these laws. The farmers demand that the government repeal these three laws by calling a special session of the Parliament. Farmers unions are also demanding to bring the purchase of agricultural products below the MSP (minimum support price) under the ambit of punishable offence.
4. What were the results of the peasant movement in India?
Answer- Due to the agricultural movement, the feeling of unity and non-discrimination among the farmers ended, as a result of which it helped in uniting all the classes. By doing the farmer's movement, the farmers can put their demands directly before the government regarding their demands, due to which the agricultural laborers have been getting benefits from time to time.
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